7 国際: 2017年6月アーカイブ

国際ジャーナル掲載情報

2017年6月28日 11:24 office |

Authors: Yamakoshi, Y., Matsumura, K., Yamakoshi, T., Lee, J., Rolfe, P., Kato, Y., Shimizu, K., & Yamakoshi, K.
Title: Side-scattered finger-photoplethysmography: experimental investigations toward practical noninvasive measurement of blood glucose
Journal(書誌情報）: Journal of Biomedical Optics, 22(6), 067001
doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.22.6.067001
論文URL: https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.22.6.067001

Abstract: The aim of this study was to discover a simple/convenient geometrical arrangement of radiation sources and detector to acquire finger-photoplethysmograms (PPGs) with wavelength regions of blood glucose (BGL) absorption, toward practical noninvasive BGL measurement. First, we compared PPGs with three wavelengths: 808 nm (without water absorption), 1160 nm (with weak water absorption), and 1600 nm (with nearly peak BGL absorption and strong water absorption), while the source-detector spacing was successively increased circumferentially around a fingertip. In 10 healthy subjects, we observed clear cardiac-related pulsatile components of PPG signals at 808 and 1160 nm in any incident positions with more than 15 dB of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), but reliable PPG detections at 1600 nm with more than 10 dB of S/N was only possible when the source-detector distance was less than 3 mm around the fingertip circumference. Second, with this arrangement, an experiment was performed using six wavelengths to cover glucose absorption bands (from 1550 to 1749 nm), obtaining pulsatile PPG signals with more or less 15 dB of S/N. Through the present experiments, this orthogonal arrangement of the source and detector to detect forward- and side-scattered radiation through the tissue is appropriate for PPG measurements with wavelength regions where there is potential for BGL measurement.

著者Contact先の email: matsumura[at]ist.hokudai.ac.jp（[at]を@に変更してください。）

国際ジャーナル掲載情報

2017年6月 6日 10:06 office |
Authors:　Toshikazu Kawagoe, Keiichi Onoda and Shuhei Yamaguchi
Title:　Apathy and Executive Function in Healthy Elderly--Resting State fMRI Study
Journal(書誌情報）:　Front. Aging Neurosci., 09 May 2017
doi:　10.3389/fnagi.2017.00124
論文URL:　https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00124

Abstract: Apathy is a quantitative reduction in goal-directed behaviors, having three subtypes. Despite executive deterioration in healthy aging, researchers have not investigated the "cognitive-deficit" subtype of apathy in healthy populations, which would result from executive dysfunction. We hypothesized that a relationship between apathy and executive function (EF) would be found in healthy older adults, accompanied with neural deterioration with functional dysconnectivity between the striatum and frontal region as suggested by previous studies. A total of 100 healthy adults in a health examination system database were analyzed. The present study indicates that apathy is substantially associated with executive deterioration, which can be partially ascribed to decreased functional connectivity between the frontal and ventral striatum. Despite some limitations, our findings may contribute to research on healthy psychological aging.

著者Contact先の email: toshikazukawagoe[at]gmail.com（[at]を@に変更してください。）

国際ジャーナル掲載情報

2017年6月 5日 13:37 office |
Authors: Nittono, H., & Ihara, N.

Title: Psychophysiological responses to kawaii pictures with or without baby schema (ベビースキーマを含むかわいい写真と含まないかわいい写真に対する心理生理反応)

Journal(書誌情報）: SAGE Open, 7(2), 1-11. 

doi: 10.1177/2158244017709321

論文URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244017709321

Abstract: Baby schema has been considered a key stimulus that triggers feelings and thoughts of cuteness. Kawaii is a Japanese word that roughly translates to cute in English, but its meaning appears to be broader than cute. Specifically, cuteness is often regarded as synonymous with infant physical attractiveness, whereas kawaii is used not only for babies but also for noninfantile objects. In this study, psychophysiological responses were compared between two types of kawaii pictures: human babies and animals (kawaii with baby schema) or objects such as desserts and dress accessories (kawaii without baby schema). Twenty female university students were asked to view various pictures twice. Both types of kawaii pictures were rated to be more pleasant than neutral pictures, elicited a greater activation of the zygomaticus major muscles associated with smiling, and were viewed for a longer period when the same pictures were presented again. The effect of baby schema appeared in the zygomaticus major muscle activity, which was greater for pictures with baby schema. The findings suggest that the word kawaii expresses positive feelings that are more generic than infant attractiveness and that are associated with a motivation to approach a preferable object.

著者Contact先の email: nittono[at]hus.osaka-u.ac.jp (入戸野 宏)

日本語によるコメント: cutenessに関する海外の研究では，赤ちゃんの顔などベビースキーマに関連する刺激を扱っています。しかし，日本語の「かわいい」は，ファッションやお菓子など，赤ちゃん以外のカテゴリに対しても使われます。今回の研究では，「かわいい」の得点をそろえた上で，ベビースキーマを含むかわいい写真と含まないかわいい写真に対する主観的印象・表情筋筋電図・皮膚コンダクタンス反応・注視時間を比較しました。その結果，どちらのかわいいい写真も「接近したい」と評定され，長い時間見つめられました。他方，ベビースキーマを含む写真の方が笑顔を作る大頬骨筋の活動が大きいことが分かりました。日本語の「かわいい」の意味はcutenessよりも広く，望ましい対象に近づきたいという接近動機づけに関連しているといえそうです。

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