7 国際: 2015年8月アーカイブ
Authors: Morita, A., Morishima, Y., & Rackham, W. D.
doi: 10.1155/2015/189060
論文URL: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ajn/2015/189060/
Abstract:
著者Contact先の email: asamorita[at]gmail.com
Title: Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Activation during a Time
Production Task: A
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study.
Journal(書誌情報）: Asian Journal of Neuroscience, 2015, Article ID 189060doi: 10.1155/2015/189060
論文URL: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ajn/2015/189060/
Abstract:
Accurate time estimation is crucial for many human activities and
necessitates the use of working memory, in which the dorsolateral
prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays a critical role. We tested the hypothesis
that the DLPFC is activated in participants attempting time estimations
that require working memory. Specifically, we used functional near-infrared
spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate prefrontal cortical activity in the
brains of individuals performing a prospective time production task. We
measured cerebral hemodynamic responses in 26 healthy right-handed
university students while they marked the passage of specified time
intervals (3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 s) or performed a button-pressing (control)
task. The behavioral results indicated that participants' time estimations
were accurate with minimal variability. The fNIRS data showed that activity
was significantly higher in the right DLPFC during the time estimation task
compared to the control task. Theoretical considerations and the results of
this study suggest that DLPFC activation resulting from time estimation
indicates that the working memory system is in use.
著者Contact先の email: asamorita[at]gmail.com
Authors: Morishima, Y.
Abstract:
著者Contact先の email: morishima[at]icu.ac.jp
Title: Elaborations for the Validation of Causal Bridging Inferences in
Text Comprehension.
Journal(書誌情報）: Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, July, 2015 ('Online
First' version)
doi: 10.1007/s10936-015-9387-xAbstract:
The validation model of causal bridging inferences proposed by Singer and
colleagues (e.g., Singer in Can J Exp Psychol, 47(2):340-359, 1993) claims
that before a causal bridging inference is accepted, it must be validated
by existing knowledge. For example, to understand "Dorothy took the
aspirins. Her pain went away," one first computes a mediating idea RELIEVE
[ASPIRIN, PAIN]. Then, the truth of it is validated on the basis of
existing knowledge. The present study examined the hypothesis that a causal
inference would be drawn and validated even when validating knowledge is
not familiar or available because elaborations are made to retrieve or
construct such knowledge. Experiment 1 showed that people tend to judge
naturalness of a text based on causal relations and that causality was
indeed recognized in those texts in which the antecedent sentence and the
consequence sentence are not linked by familiar knowledge. Experiment 2,
which measured sentence reading times, showed that while sentence
processing times were longer for such texts than texts involving familiar
knowledge, there was no difference between these texts in reading the
subsequent sentence describing the validating idea. These results provided
evidence supporting elaboration as well as validation of causal bridging
inferences.
著者Contact先の email: morishima[at]icu.ac.jp
