7 国際: 2014年7月アーカイブ

Authors:
Koshino, H., Minamoto, T., Yaoi, K., Osaka, M.,Osaka, N.

Title:
Coactivation of the default mode network regions and working memory
network regions during task preparation

Journal:
Scientific Reports,4,5954, 2014

doi:
Doi:10.1038/srep05954

論文URL:
http://www.nature.com/srep/index.html

Abstract
The Default Mode Network (DMN) regions exhibit deactivation during a
wide variety of resource demanding tasks. However, recent brain
imaging studies reported that they also show activation during
various cognitive activities. In addition, studies have found a
negative correlation between theDMNand the working memory network
(WMN). Here, we investigated activity in the DMN and WMN regions
during preparation and execution phases of a verbal working memory
task. Results showed that the core DMN regions, including the medial
prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, and WMN regions
were activated during preparation. During execution, however, the WMN
regions were activated but the DMN regions were deactivated. The
results suggest that activation of these network regions is affected
by allocation of attentional resources to the task relevant regions
due to task demands. This study extends our previous results by
showing that the core DMN regions exhibit activation during task
preparation and deactivation during task execution.

著者Contact先の email:
hkoshino@csusb.edu

Authors:
Osaka, M., Yaoi, K., Minamoto, T., Osaka, N.

Title:
Serial changes of humor comprehension
for four-frame comic Manga: an fMRI study

Journal:
Scientific Reports,4,582, 2014
doi:
Doi:10.1038/srep05828

論文URL:
http://www.nature.com/srep/index.html

Abstract:
Serial changes of humor comprehension evoked by a well organized
four-frame comic Manga were investigated by fMRI in each step of
humor comprehension. The neural substrates underlying the amusing
effects in response to funny and mixed order manga were compared. In
accordance with the time course of the four frames, fMRI activations
changed serially. Beginning with the second frame (development
scene), activation of the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) was
observed, followed by activations in the temporal and frontal areas
during viewing of the third frame (turn scene). For the fourth frame
(punch line), strong increased activations were confirmed in the
medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and cerebellum. Interestingly,
distinguishable activation differences in the cerebellum between
funny and non-funny conditions were also found for the fourth frame.
These findings suggest that humor comprehension evokes activation
that initiates in the TPJ and expands to the MPFC and cerebellum at
the convergence level.

著者Contact先の email:
mosaka@hus.osaka-u.ac.jp

Authors:
Akio Honda, Juthatip Wiwattanapantuwong, Tsuneyuki Abe


Title:
Japanese university students' attitudes toward the Fukushima nuclear disaster

Journal(書誌情報）:
Journal of Environmental Psychology

doi:
10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.06.003

論文URL:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272494414000528


Abstract:
This study investigated Japanese university students' attitudes about 
the Fukushima nuclear accident and the relations between their attitudes
 and their opinions about post-disaster reconstruction policies. Gender 
and geographical differences were also examined. Attitude components 
were identified, including nuclear power plant efficiency, trust in 
institutions, and fear of radioactive contamination. Results revealed 
that men reported higher perceived nuclear power plant efficiency than 
women did, whereas women showed slightly higher fear of radioactive 
contamination than men did. Students in Miyagi had higher levels of 
trust in institutions than students in Tokyo did. Controlling for the 
effects of gender and geographical differences, fear of radioactive 
contamination was revealed as a predictor of opinions about 
post-disaster policies. In contrast, the cognitive components of 
attitudes did not predict the opinions.

著者Contact先の email:
honda@yamanashi-eiwa.ac.jp

日本語によるコメント（オプション，200-300字で）:
大学生を対象に福島第一原発事故に対する態度を調べた研究です。
態度成分の男女差と地域差，復興施策に対する反応との結び付きを検討しました。

二重過程モデルにも関係する研究ですのでぜひご覧頂ければ幸いです。