Authors: Toshiki Saito, Ryunosuke Sudo, Yuji Takano (齊藤俊樹・須藤竜之介・高野裕治)

Title: The Gaze Bias Effect in Toddlers: Preliminary Evidence for the Developmental Study of Visual Decision Making

Journal(書誌情報）: Developmental Science

doi: 10.1111/desc.12969

論文URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/desc.12969

Abstract:
Several studies have investigated the interactive relationship between attention and decision making, which is known as the gaze bias effect. Although the generalizability of the gaze bias effect has recently been observed among young and older adults, it remains unknown in which developmental period individuals start to exhibit this relationship. This question was addressed in the current study by recruiting 58 toddlers aged 2‐4 years. Participants were asked to do a two‐alternative forced‐choice task in which they chose one of two soft toys they preferred while their eye movements were recorded. Results demonstrated that toddlers exhibited gaze bias regardless of age. We also found that the number of gaze shifts during the task increased according to age. These results suggest that the interactive relationship between attention and decision is acquired by the age of two. The implications of the increased number of gaze shifts for visual decision making are discussed.

著者Contact先の email: toshiki.saito@med.tohoku.ac.jp （齊藤俊樹）

日本語によるコメント（オプション，200-300字で）
複数のものから好きなものを選択する際、選択するものに視線が偏って向けられる。これは視線のカスケード現象と呼ばれ、視線と選択行動の密接な関係を示す。これまで視線と選択の関係につき多く研究されてきたが、この関係がいつから獲得され、発達していくのかといった発達的観点からは未検討であった。そこで２歳から４歳児を対象とし、選択行動中の視線の動きを計測した。結果、年齢に依らず視線のカスケード現象が認められ、少なくとも２歳児から視線と選択が関係していることが分かった。さらに、選択対象を見比べる回数が年齢とともに増加することから、選択行動中の視線計測により認知機能の発達を明らかにできる可能性が示唆された。

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