日本認知心理学会会員の皆様
日本視覚学会2015年夏季大会において，
David Whitney先生 (UC Berkely)の特別講演が
プログラムに追加されました．詳細はHPを御覧ください．
日本視覚学会2015年夏季大会
会期：2015年7月27(月)～29(水)
会場：東京工業大学大岡山キャンパス多目的ホール (東京都目黒区)
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The perception of crowds
David Whitney
University of California Berkeley
Much of our rich visual experience comes in the form of ensemble
representations, the perception of summary statistical information in
groups of objects. These ensemble percepts occur over space and time,
such as the average size of items, the average emotional expression of
faces in a crowd, or the average heading direction of point-light
walkers. Ensembles can even convey unique and emergent social
information like the gaze of a crowd or the animacy of a scene. Here,
we discuss how children, adults, and patients with neurological
impairments can see through this lens of ensembles to achieve
remarkably precise and fast gist perception, despite experiencing
limited or no awareness of individual members of the crowd. Recent
experiments with adults demonstrate that the mechanisms of ensemble
perception can at least partially bypass common attentional
bottlenecks. Additional experiments in children reveal that visual
experience has a duality, allowing perception of individual objects or
the perception of crowds. But, the development of one system does not
seem to be a prerequisite for the other. Perceptual awareness seems to
echo this dualism: striking an ideal balance between the need to
represent individual objects while simultaneously reducing the
overwhelming clutter in the visual world to simple ensemble
representations.
