Authors: Yoshioka, T., & Saiki, J.（吉岡毅、齋木潤）

Title: Metacognitive reflections on trajectory strategies in mixed reality: Real-time and retrospective reports during mental jigsaw puzzles（複合現実における軌道方略に関するメタ認知的内省：心的ジグソーパズル課題における同時的・回顧的報告）

Journal(書誌情報）:Psychological Research

doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-026-02286-6

Abstract:
Real-world object fitting often requires indirect, detour-like trajectories due to physical constraints, such as lifting and maneuvering physical puzzle pieces. Reflecting this, recent work using three-dimensional puzzle stimuli has reported asymmetric reaction time (RT) patterns around 180° in fitting tasks—and unexpectedly, even in classical mental rotation tasks that require object matching. This finding challenges the classical assumption that equal angular disparities yield equivalent RTs. One possible interpretation is that RTs reflect not only rotational but also translational components of mental manipulations; however, classical matching tasks contain no physical obstacles that would necessitate detour-like trajectories. Thus, behavioral RT data alone are insufficient for determining whether detour-like mental translations are actually involved. To address this limitation, the present study incorporated metacognitive reflection on translational trajectories during both fitting tasks and classical matching tasks. Participants first completed both tasks under speed–accuracy instructions, after which they retrospectively selected the animation (shortcut vs. detour trajectories) that best represented their strategies during these earlier cognitive tasks. These retrospective reflection reports were compared with real-time reflection reports to assess their malleability. Replicating previous work, RTs showed robust asymmetries around 180° in both tasks. Crucially, subjective strategy reports diverged from these behavioral patterns: retrospective reflections mirrored RT asymmetries in the fitting task but not in the classical matching task. Moreover, metacognitive reflections were malleable in the fitting task, whereas they remained stable in the matching task.

著者Contact先の email: yoshioka-tsuyoshi[at]aut.ac.jp（[at]を@に変更してください。）（吉岡・愛知工科大学）

日本語によるコメント（オプション，200-300字で）
これまで、一致判断課題（二つのブロックが同じかを判断）では、同じ角度差であれば反応時間も同程度と考えられてきました。しかし近年、反応時間の非対称性が報告されています（例：+60°と−60°で反応時間が不一致）。本研究では、一致判断課題と結合判断課題（二つのブロックがはまるかを判断）を用い、反応時間に加えて軌道に関するメタ認知的内省（課題中および課題後）を検討しました。その結果、両課題で反応時間の非対称性が再現された一方、主観的な方略には違いがみられました。結合判断課題では回り道的な動きが内省されやすく、状況によって変化しやすかったのに対し、一致判断課題ではそのような強い傾向はみられませんでした。（吉岡）

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