Authors：Daichi Shimizu and Takeshi Okada

Title：How Do Creative Experts practice New Skills? Exploratory Practice in Breakdancers

Journal(書誌情報)：Cognitive Science

doi：10.1111/cogs.12668

論文URL：https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12668

Abstract：How do expert performers practice as they develop creatively? This study investigated the processes involved in the practice of new skills by expert breakdancers. A great deal of evidence supports the theory of “deliberate practice” (Ericsson, Krampe, & Tesch‐Römer, 1993, Psychological Review, 100,363) in skill acquisition; however, expert creative performers may emphasize other forms of practice for skill development. Four case studies collected through fieldwork and laboratory observation were analyzed to evaluate expert dancers’ practice processes as they developed proficiency in new, specific skills. We focused on three aspects of learning: the degree of skill acquisition, the content of skills included in practice, and dancers’ stated purposes for practicing. The results showed that dancers’ practice improved skills (as suggested by deliberate practice) and engaged the exploration of new, original skills, along with coordinating skills within performance. In their practice, these dance experts went beyond deliberative practice to highly exploratory processes for skill development.

著者Contact先の email：tothefuture0415[at]yahoo.co.jp([at] を@に置き換えてください）

日本語によるコメント（オプション，200-300字で）：表現の独創性が重視されるブレイクダンスを対象に、創造活動領域（芸術表現など）の熟達過程を検討した。著名な熟達理論（deliberate practice、Ericsson et al., 1993）では、指導者により構造化された知識・技術を効率的に獲得する練習が重視される一方、上記領域への一般化の限界が指摘されてきた（Simonton, 2014）。本研究では、熟達者への長期のフィールドワーク等を行い、技術の練習過程を獲得程度や実施内容により検討した。結果、熟達者は技術獲得と共にその要素の変更による新奇な技術探索等を活発に行なうことが示唆された。以上より上記領域における生成的な練習の重要性を主張した。

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